Fourier Intelligence
Fourier Intelligence is the Shanghai firm that moved from rehabilitation exoskeletons to the GR-1 and GR-2 full-size humanoids, one of the few Chinese companies shipping humanoid robots into commercial scenes.
Company Overview
- Fourier Intelligence began in 2015 building rehabilitation robotics — exoskeletons and therapy devices for hospitals — and is one of China's most profitable robotics startups from that base.
- In 2023 it shocked the industry by pivoting into full-size humanoid robots with the GR-1, quickly followed by the GR-2 in 2025. The GR series targets general-purpose manipulation and walking for commercial deployment.
- Fourier's background in exoskeleton force control gave it unusually strong whole-body balance and torque control, a rare advantage among new humanoid entrants.
Key Facts
| Full Name | Shanghai Fourier Intelligence Co., Ltd. |
|---|---|
| Chinese Name | 傅利叶智能 |
| Founded | 2015 |
| Headquarters | Shanghai, China |
| Founder | Gu Jie (顾捷) |
| Core Products | GR-2 / GR-1 humanoid robots, rehab exoskeletons |
| Status | Privately held; multiple Series-C rounds |
Data Snapshot
| Founded | 2015, Shanghai — founder Gu Jie (顾捷) |
|---|---|
| 2025 Humanoid Shipments | 300+ units (GR-2 / GR-3) |
| Cumulative Robots Delivered | 10,000+ (2025 Q1; mostly rehab robots) |
| Latest Model | GR-3 (Aug 2025): 165cm / 71kg / 55 DoF / 3h hot-swap battery |
| GR-3 Price | RMB 115,000 (Mar 2026 price war) |
| Series E | ~RMB 800M (Jan 2025; Prosperity7, Shanghai state funds) |
| Positioning | Rehabilitation → eldercare ("carebot" differentiation) |
Products & Specs
| Product | Type | Key Specs | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR-1 | General humanoid | First Fourier humanoid (2023); rehabilitation tasks | Released |
| GR-2 | General humanoid | 180cm / 63kg / 53 DoF; 12-DoF dexterous hand option | Mass production |
| GR-3 | Eldercare humanoid | 165cm / 71kg / 55 DoF; multimodal emotional interaction; full-body tactile; dual hot-swap batteries (3h) | Mass production (CES 2026 debut) |
| Rehab exoskeletons | Medical robots | Upper/lower-limb rehab; 10,000+ delivered | Core business |
Key Customers
- Rehab hospitals & clinics — exoskeleton fleet (10,000+ units)
- Eldercare institutions — GR-3 care scenarios
- Research labs and universities (GR-2/GR-3 dev kits)
Recent Milestones
- 2015 — Founded in Shanghai
- 2019 — General-purpose humanoid project started
- 2023 — GR-1 unveiled, among China's first general humanoids
- Sep 2024 — GR-2 launched
- Jan 2025 — ~RMB 800M Series E
- Aug 2025 — GR-3 "CareBot" unveiled at WAIC
- Jan 2026 — GR-3 debuts at CES
- Mar 2026 — GR-3 priced at RMB 115,000 amid industry price war
Actuators & Sensors
- Self-developed FSA (Fourier Servo Actuator) series covering rotary and linear joint actuation.
- Proprietary force-control stack inherited from rehab exoskeleton R&D.
- Multi-sensor suite: depth cameras, IMU, joint torque sensing.
Supply-Chain Analysis
- Fourier develops joint actuators in-house and sources precision reducers (harmonic and planetary) from domestic Chinese suppliers such as Leaderdrive (Green Harmonic).
- The compute module leverages domestic SoC solutions, keeping the bill of materials largely local.
- Rehab product revenue funds humanoid R&D, reducing reliance on external capital for near-term runway.
Competitor Comparison
Versus Unitree G1: Fourier GR-2 is heavier and built for manipulation over raw speed. Versus AgiBot A2: both target commercial deployment, but Fourier's force-control heritage gives it an edge in interaction-heavy tasks.
Frequently Asked Questions
What does Fourier Intelligence do?
Fourier Intelligence (傅利叶智能) is a Chinese robotics company whose focus is GR-2 / GR-1 humanoid robots, rehab exoskeletons. It sits in the fast-moving Chinese humanoid and embodied-AI segment, where companies compete on joint actuation, perception and manufacturing cost.
How does Fourier Intelligence compare with humanoid leaders such as Unitree, Fourier or Tesla Optimus?
China's humanoid field is crowded. Fourier Intelligence is part of that ecosystem, competing against better-known names such as Unitree and Fourier and international programs like Tesla Optimus. Differentiation usually comes from GR-2 / GR-1 humanoid robots, rehab exoskeletons, plus supply-chain and cost advantages common to Chinese builders.
Where is Fourier Intelligence based?
Fourier Intelligence (傅利叶智能) is headquartered in Shanghai, China, China, one of the country's robot-industry clusters.