Database · Humanoid & Rehab
Fourier Intelligence
Fourier Intelligence is the Shanghai firm that moved from rehabilitation exoskeletons to the GR-1 and GR-2 full-size humanoids, one of the few Chinese companies shipping humanoid robots into commercial scenes.
Humanoid Rehab GR-2 Shanghai
Company Overview
- Fourier Intelligence began in 2015 building rehabilitation robotics — exoskeletons and therapy devices for hospitals — and is one of China's most profitable robotics startups from that base.
- In 2023 it shocked the industry by pivoting into full-size humanoid robots with the GR-1, quickly followed by the GR-2 in 2025. The GR series targets general-purpose manipulation and walking for commercial deployment.
- Fourier's background in exoskeleton force control gave it unusually strong whole-body balance and torque control, a rare advantage among new humanoid entrants.
Key Facts
| Full Name | Shanghai Fourier Intelligence Co., Ltd. |
|---|---|
| Chinese Name | 傅利叶智能 |
| Founded | 2015 |
| Headquarters | Shanghai, China |
| Founder | Gu Jie (顾捷) |
| Core Products | GR-2 / GR-1 humanoid robots, rehab exoskeletons |
| Status | Privately held; multiple Series-C rounds |
Actuators & Sensors
- Self-developed FSA (Fourier Servo Actuator) series covering rotary and linear joint actuation.
- Proprietary force-control stack inherited from rehab exoskeleton R&D.
- Multi-sensor suite: depth cameras, IMU, joint torque sensing.
Supply-Chain Analysis
- Fourier develops joint actuators in-house and sources precision reducers (harmonic and planetary) from domestic Chinese suppliers such as Leaderdrive (Green Harmonic).
- The compute module leverages domestic SoC solutions, keeping the bill of materials largely local.
- Rehab product revenue funds humanoid R&D, reducing reliance on external capital for near-term runway.
Competitor Comparison
Versus Unitree G1: Fourier GR-2 is heavier and built for manipulation over raw speed. Versus AgiBot A2: both target commercial deployment, but Fourier's force-control heritage gives it an edge in interaction-heavy tasks.